tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58048565354596860712024-03-12T19:36:37.912-07:00Information technologyAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05706343990677343407noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5804856535459686071.post-83724238601651465632013-07-13T22:36:00.000-07:002013-07-15T19:19:53.211-07:00chapter 6<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">CHAPTER 6 – VALUING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION</span></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #674ea7; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Organizational information</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Employees must be able to
obtain and analyze to many different levels, formats and granularities of
organizational information to make decision</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Successfully collecting,
compiling, sorting and analyzing information can provide tremendous insight
into how an organization is performing</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">The value of timely information</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Timeliness is an aspect of
information that depends on the situation : </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">Real-time information</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">– immediate up-to-date information</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">Real-time system </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">– provides real-time
information in response to query requests </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">The value of quality information</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Business decisions are
only as good as the quality of the information used to make the decisions</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">You never want to find
yourself using technology to help you make a bad decision faster</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<div style="color: blue;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Characteristic of
high-quality information include :</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Accuracy</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Completeness</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Consistency</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Uniqueness</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Timeliness</span></b><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Understanding the cost of poor information</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">The four primary sources
of low quality information include :</span><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-indent: -108.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>I.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information
to protect their privacy</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-indent: -108.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>II.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Information from different systems have different entry
standards and formats</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-indent: -108.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>III.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Call center operators enter abbreviated or erroneous by
accident or to save time </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-indent: -108.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>IV.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Third party and external information contains
inconsistencies, inaccuracies and errors</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Potential business effects
resulting from low quality information include :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Inability to accurately track customers</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Difficulty identifying valuable customers </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Inability to identify selling opportunities </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Marketing to nonexistent customers</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Difficulty tracking revenue due to inaccurate invoices</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Inability to build strong customer relationship</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Understanding the benefits of good information</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">High quality information
can significantly improve the chances of making a good decision</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Good decision can directly
impact an organization’s bottom line</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05706343990677343407noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5804856535459686071.post-69560612991893192992013-07-13T22:32:00.000-07:002013-07-15T19:16:57.504-07:00chapter 5<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">CHAPTER<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>5</span></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>
</b></span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Organizational structure</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Organizational
employees must work closely together to develop strategic initiatives that
create competitive advantages</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Ethics
and security are two fundamental building blocks that organizations must based
their businesses upon</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">IT Roles and Responsibilities</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Chief
Information Officer (CIO) – oversees all users of IT and ensures the strategic
alignment of IT with business goals and objectives.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Broad
CIO function include :</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Manager : ensuring the delivery
of all IT projects, on time and within budget</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Leader : ensuring the strategic
vision of IT is in line with the strategic vision of the organization </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Communicator : building and
maintaining strong executive relationship</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Chief
Technology Officer (CTO) – responsible for ensuring the throughput, speed,
accuracy, availability, and reliability of IT</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Chief
Security Officer (CSO) – responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Chief
Privacy Officer (CPO) – responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of
information</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Chief
Knowledge Officer (CKO) – responsible for collecting, maintaining and
distributing the organization knowledge</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">The Gap Between Business
Personnel and IT Personnel</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Business
personnel possess expertise in functional areas such as marketing, accounting
and sales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">IT
personnel have the technology expertise</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">This
typically causes a communication gap between the business personnel and IT
personnel</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Improving Communication </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Business
personnel must seek to increase their understanding of IT</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">IT
personnel must seek to increase their understanding of the business</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">It
is the responsibility of the CIO to ensure effective communication</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>
</b></span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Organizational Fundamental
Ethics and Security</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">ETHICS :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">The
principle and standard that guide our behavior toward other people</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Privacy
is a major ethical issue : </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Privacy : the right to be left
alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions,
and not to be observed without your concern</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Issues
affected by technology advances :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Intellectual property :
intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Copyright : the legal protection
afforded and expression of an idea, such as a song, video game and some types
of proprietary document</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Fair use doctrine : in certain
situations, it is legal to use copyrighted material</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Pirated software : the
unauthorized use, duplication, distribution or sale of copyright software</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Counterfeit software : software
that is manufactured to look like the real thing and sold as such</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>
</b></span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Primary Reasons Privacy Issues
Reduce Trust for Business</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Loss
of personal privacy is a top concern for Americans in the 21<sup>st</sup>
century</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Among
Internet users, 37 percent would be “a lot” more inclined to purchase a product
on a website that had a privacy policy</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Privacy/
security is the number one factor that would convert Internet researchers into
Internet buyers</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 79.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <b>
</b></span><b>SECURITY : </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 88.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Information
Security : the protection of information from accidental or intentional misuse
by person inside or outside an organization</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 88.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">E-business
automatically creates tremendous information security risks for organizations</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05706343990677343407noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5804856535459686071.post-83687580587315811682013-07-08T21:16:00.004-07:002013-07-15T19:13:33.659-07:00chapter 4<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CHAPTER 4<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">MEASURING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY’S
SUCCESS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Key performance indicator –
measures that are tied to business drivers </span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Metrics are detailed measures
that feed KPIs</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #741b47;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Performance metrics fall into
the nebulous area of business intelligence that is neither technology, nor
business centered, but requires input from both IT and business professionals.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black;">EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Efficiency IT metric – </span></i><span lang="EN-US">measure the performance of the IT system itself including throughout
speed and availability</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Effectiveness IT metric – </span></i><span lang="EN-US">measures the impact IT has on business processes<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and activities including customers
satisfaction conversion rates and self-through increases</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">BENCHMARKING – BASELINING METRICS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #990000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Regardless or what is measured,
how it is measured and whether it is for the sake of efficiency or
effectiveness, there must be benchmarks – beseline values the system seek to
attain</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #990000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Benchmarking – </span></i><span lang="EN-US">a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those
results to optimal system performance and identifying to improve system
performance </span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF EFFICIENCY AND
EFFECTIVENESS IT METRICS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="color: magenta;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: magenta;">Efficiency IT metrics focus on
technology and include :</span> <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: orange;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Throughput - the amount of information that can travel trough a
system at any point</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: orange;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Transaction speed - the amount of time a system takes to perform a
transaction</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: orange;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">System availability – the number of hours a system is available for
users</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: orange;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Information accuracy – the extent to which a system generates the
correct results when executing the same transaction numerous times</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: orange;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Web traffic – includes a host of benchmarks such as the number of
page views, the number of unique visitors, and the average time spent viewing a
Web page</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: orange;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Response time –the time it takes to respond to user interactions
such as a mouse click</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: magenta;">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Calibri;">Effectiveness IT metrics focus
on an organization’s goals, strategies, and objectives and include:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Usability – The ease with which people perform transactions and/or
find information. A popular usability metric on the Internet is degrees of
freedom, which measures the numbers of clicks required to find desired
information.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Customer satisfaction – Measured by such benchmarks as satisfaction
surveys, percentage of existing customers retained, and increases in revenue
dollars per customer.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Conversion rates – The number of customers an organization “touches”
for the first time and persuades to purchase its products or services. This is
a popular metric for evaluating the effectiveness of banner, pop-up, and
pop-under ads on the Internet.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Financial – Such as return on investment (the earning power of an
organization’s assets), cost-benefit analysis (the comparison of projected
revenues <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and costs including
development, maintenance, fixed, and variable), and break-even analysis (the
point at which constant revenues equal ongoing costs).</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: magenta;">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Calibri;">Security is an issue for any
organization offering products or services over the Internet.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: magenta;">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Calibri;">It is inefficient for an
organization to implement Internet security, since it slows down processing</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">However, to be effective it must implement Internet security</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Secure Internet connections must offer encryption and Secure Sockets
Layers (SSL denoted by the lock symbol in the lower corner of a browser) .</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: magenta;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Web Site Metrics:</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Abandoned registrations – Number of visitors who start the process
of completing a registration page and then abandon the activity.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Abandoned shopping carts – Number of visitors who create a shopping
cart and start shopping and then abandon the activity before paying for the
merchandise.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Click-through – people who visit a site, click on an ad, and are
taken to the site of the advertiser.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Conversion rate – potential customers who visit a site and actually
buy something.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cost-per-thousand (CPM) – sales dollar generated per dollar of
advertising. This is commonly used to make the case for spending money to
appear on a search engine.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Page exposures – average number of page exposure to an individual
visitor.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Total hits – number of visits to a web site, many of which may be by
the same visitor.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Unique visitor – number of unique visitors to a site in a given
time. This is commonly used by Nielsen/Net ratings to rank the most popular Web
site.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
METRICS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #38761d;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Back order – an unfilled customer order.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #38761d;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Customer order promised cycle time – the anticipated or agreed upon
cycle time of a purchase order.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #38761d;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #38761d;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Customer order actual cycle time – to actually fill a customer’s
purchase order.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #38761d;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #38761d;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Inventory replenishment cycle time – measure of the manufacturing
cycle time plus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the time included to
deploy the product to the appropriate distribution center.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #38761d;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="color: #38761d;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #38761d;">Inventory turns ( inventory turnover ) – the number of times that a
company’s inventory cycles or turns over per year.</span></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #38761d;">
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--></span>
<!--[endif]--></span></span></div>
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</div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
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</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05706343990677343407noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5804856535459686071.post-21806508406489271032013-07-08T21:09:00.002-07:002013-07-15T19:01:02.168-07:00chapter 3<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CHAPTER
3<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: magenta;">Strategic
Initiatives For Implementing Competitive Advantages</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <b><i>
</i></b></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Supply Chain Management (SCM)<br /><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Involve the management of
information flows between an amount stages in a supply chain to maximize total
supply chain effectiveness and profitability.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">
</span></div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Four basic components of supply chain management include :<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Supply chain strategy –
strategy for managing all resources to meet customer demand<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: purple;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Supply chain partner –
partners throughout the supply chain that deliver finished products, raw
materials, and services<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: purple;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Supply chain operation –
schedule for production activities<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: purple;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: purple;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Supply chain logistics –
product delivery process/ transportations</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <b><i>
</i></b></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Effective and efficient SCM systems can enable an
organization to :</i></b></span></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0KxVtAAQlZk/UduJzXAJChI/AAAAAAAAACY/WuFBRbJbj3Y/s1600/efficiency-3.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="205" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0KxVtAAQlZk/UduJzXAJChI/AAAAAAAAACY/WuFBRbJbj3Y/s320/efficiency-3.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Decrease the power of its buyers</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Increase its own supplier power</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute
products or services<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #990000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Create entry various thereby reducing the threat of new
entrance<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #990000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage
through cost leadership<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <b><i>
</i></b></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Customer Relationship Management (CRM)</i></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--lK4TyNqhFo/UduL3CvnvPI/AAAAAAAAACo/337vfelWanQ/s1600/depositphotos_13045942-Acronym-of-CRM-Customer-Relationship-Management.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--lK4TyNqhFo/UduL3CvnvPI/AAAAAAAAACo/337vfelWanQ/s320/depositphotos_13045942-Acronym-of-CRM-Customer-Relationship-Management.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Involve managing all
aspects of a customers relationship with an organization to increase customer
royalty and retention and an organization profitability</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Many organizations, such
as Charles Schwab and Kaiser Permanente, have obtained great success through
the implementation of CRM systems</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #cc0000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CRM is not just
technology, but a strategy, process, and business goal that an organization
must embrace on and enterprise wide level</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #cc0000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: white; color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"></span></span></span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CRM can enable an
organization to:</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #cc0000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Identify types of customers<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #cc0000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Design individual customer marketing campaigns <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #cc0000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Treat each customer as an individual</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #cc0000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Understand customer buying behaviours</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #cc0000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <b><i>
</i></b></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Business Process Reengineering</i></b></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HHJHC0_uw6g/UeSlBTrJOfI/AAAAAAAAAC4/kmyoiuuo0nQ/s1600/reengineering4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HHJHC0_uw6g/UeSlBTrJOfI/AAAAAAAAAC4/kmyoiuuo0nQ/s200/reengineering4.jpg" width="160" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i> </i></b></span></span><span style="color: #a64d79;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Business process – a
standardized set of activities that accomplished a specific task, such as
processing a customers order<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #a64d79;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #a64d79;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Business process
reengineering – the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between
enterprises<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #a64d79;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #a64d79;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The purpose of BPR is to make all business processes
best-in-class<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #a64d79;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 75pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <b><i>
</i></b></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Finding opportunity using BPR</i></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: magenta;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A company can improve the
way it travels the road by moving from food to horse and then horse to car<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: magenta;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">BPR looks at taking a
different path such as an airplane which ignore the road completely<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: magenta;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Types of change an
organization can achieve along with the magnitudes of change and the potential
business benefit<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)</i></b></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Integrates all departments
and functions throughout an organization into a single IT systems so that
employees can meet decisions by viewing enterprise wide information in all
business operations<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Keyword in ERP is
“enterprise”<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ERP systems collect data
from across an organization and correlates the data generating and enterprise
wide view<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05706343990677343407noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5804856535459686071.post-17587310876733423552013-07-08T20:36:00.001-07:002013-07-15T18:56:50.013-07:00chapter 2<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Chapter 2 : Identifying Competitive
Advantage</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> <span style="color: magenta;"> </span></span><span style="color: magenta;">What
is competitive advantage ?</span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KisYj9IIBZA/Udt8Ze-1qnI/AAAAAAAAAAo/nirJxvgulPU/s1600/competitive-advantage-919888.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KisYj9IIBZA/Udt8Ze-1qnI/AAAAAAAAAAo/nirJxvgulPU/s200/competitive-advantage-919888.jpg" width="200" /></a> </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> ·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">
</span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">A product or service that an
organization’s customers place a greater value on than similar offerings from a
competitor.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Competitive advantage is
temporary because competitors keep duplicate the strategy. Then, the company
should start the new competitive advantages.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Michael Porter’s find forces
model is useful tool to aid organization in challenging decision whether to
join a new industry or industry segment.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">The Five Forces Model:</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CFuBh6vCW0I/Udt9b6d4xRI/AAAAAAAAAA0/HxvsjMcF66E/s1600/porter-five-forces-model-of-strategy-480wide.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="307" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CFuBh6vCW0I/Udt9b6d4xRI/AAAAAAAAAA0/HxvsjMcF66E/s320/porter-five-forces-model-of-strategy-480wide.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: red; font-family: Calibri;">Buyer Power</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #bf9000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">High – when buyers have many choices of whom to buy</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #bf9000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #bf9000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Low – when their choices are few</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #bf9000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #bf9000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">To reduce buyer power, an organization must make it more attractive
to buy from the company not from the competitors.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #bf9000;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #bf9000;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Best practices of IT-based</span></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #bf9000;"> <i> <b>Supplier Power</b></i></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></b></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D6J9He4aTQU/Udt-bSloE2I/AAAAAAAAABA/-2hH2DPodes/s1600/supplier2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="297" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D6J9He4aTQU/Udt-bSloE2I/AAAAAAAAABA/-2hH2DPodes/s320/supplier2.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
<span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></span><span style="color: #741b47;">High – when buyers have few choices of whom to buy from.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #741b47;">
</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Low – when their choices are many.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #741b47;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Best practice of IT to create
competitive advantage.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #741b47;">
</span><br />
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</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Threat of Substitute products and services</i></b></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l7dBA5bGqhU/Udt_BXtCdXI/AAAAAAAAABI/nE25BhnNoNo/s1600/9c19ebc01dc8d028af5e8d957c273ee0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l7dBA5bGqhU/Udt_BXtCdXI/AAAAAAAAABI/nE25BhnNoNo/s320/9c19ebc01dc8d028af5e8d957c273ee0.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #134f5c;">
</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #134f5c;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>High – when there are many alternative to a product or service.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #134f5c;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #134f5c;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Low – when there are few alternative from which to choose.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #134f5c;">
</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #134f5c;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ideally, an organization would like to be on a market in which there are
few substitute of their product or services.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #134f5c;">
</span><br />
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</div>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i>Threat of new entrants</i></b></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lBWec5qbsXo/Udt_wLaedWI/AAAAAAAAABQ/cQMRNdt24kw/s1600/question_04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lBWec5qbsXo/Udt_wLaedWI/AAAAAAAAABQ/cQMRNdt24kw/s320/question_04.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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</div>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <span style="color: magenta;">
</span></span><span style="color: magenta;">High – when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: magenta;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Low – when there are significant entry barriers to entering the market.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: magenta;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Entering barriers is a product or service feature that customers have
come to expect from organization and must be offered by entering the
organization to compete and survive.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <b><i> Rivalry among existence competitors</i></b></span></span></div>
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</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JPuZa-rB6lc/UduB5ilNqGI/AAAAAAAAABg/v0BZC_qf5bQ/s1600/img-agaf-logos--d3e53175a0ae8e3a7dc6be88da66b80a59b4a480-s6-c30.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JPuZa-rB6lc/UduB5ilNqGI/AAAAAAAAABg/v0BZC_qf5bQ/s320/img-agaf-logos--d3e53175a0ae8e3a7dc6be88da66b80a59b4a480-s6-c30.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="color: #38761d;">High – when competition is fear in a market.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #38761d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Low – when competition is more complacent.</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #38761d;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Reduce cost buy using effective supply chain.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><i> THE THREE GENERICS STRATEGIES</i></b> </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>Cost leadership</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6KwbKDlHyFg/UduCcDMGOHI/AAAAAAAAABo/mZjA4lQpSK8/s1600/why-you-dont-want-to-be-the-low-cost-leader2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6KwbKDlHyFg/UduCcDMGOHI/AAAAAAAAABo/mZjA4lQpSK8/s320/why-you-dont-want-to-be-the-low-cost-leader2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Calibri;">-becoming a low cost
producer in the industry allows the company to lower prices to customers.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #b45f06;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: Calibri;">-competitors with higher
cost cannot afford to compete with the low cost leader on price</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <b> </b></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>Differentiation</b></span></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B0IeENAZt2Q/UduDI1ram8I/AAAAAAAAABw/f_y1HYY2-b4/s1600/20060307.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B0IeENAZt2Q/UduDI1ram8I/AAAAAAAAABw/f_y1HYY2-b4/s1600/20060307.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Calibri;">-create competitive
advantage by distinguishing their product on one or more features important to
their customers.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Calibri;">-unique features or
benefit may justify price differences or stimulate demand.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Calibri;">-Ex : i-care by Proton</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #351c75;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> <b> </b></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>Focused strategy</b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J4d0S1T-nCs/UduD9HiOGVI/AAAAAAAAAB8/eaBsOZ_w-rI/s1600/focus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="319" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J4d0S1T-nCs/UduD9HiOGVI/AAAAAAAAAB8/eaBsOZ_w-rI/s320/focus.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #741b47; font-family: Calibri;">-target to niche market.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #741b47;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #741b47; font-family: Calibri;">-concentrates on either cost
leadership or differentation</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05706343990677343407noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5804856535459686071.post-9879931662308599292013-07-01T19:33:00.001-07:002013-07-01T19:33:59.776-07:00chapter 1<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Chapter 1</span></div>
<span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Information technology’s Role in Business</span></b>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Information
technology is everywhere in business</span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-language: MS; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yEpymH2QDg4/UdI32bHM1GI/AAAAAAAAAAY/OxR0D7zCWQw/s300/pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yEpymH2QDg4/UdI32bHM1GI/AAAAAAAAAAY/OxR0D7zCWQw/s300/pic.jpg" /></a></div>
<br /><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Information technology Impact On Business Operations</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Business
Functions Receiving The Greatest benefits from Information Technology</span></div>
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<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> Customer service-70%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> Finance-51%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> Sales and marketing-42%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> IT operations-39%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> Operation management-31%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> HR-17%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> Security-17%</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Information
Technology Project Goals</span><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Reduce cost/improve productivity-81% </span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> Improve customer satisfaction/loyalty-71%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> Create competitive advantage-66%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> Generate growth-54%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> Streamline supply change-37%</span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"> Global expansion-16%</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black;">Common Department In An Oganization</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;">Advertising</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"> Finance </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"> Human resources </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"> Marketing</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"> Production management </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;">Operations management </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;">Management information system</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<li><span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="color: black;">Organizations typically operate by functional areas or functional silos</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="color: black;">Functional areas are interdependent </span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"><span><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #e06666;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: #cccccc;"><span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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